Why do skin blemishes occur and how to treat them?

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Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by the appearance of brown or gray spots on the skin, especially in sun-exposed areas such as the face, neck and arms. These spots are often symmetrical and can vary in size and shape. Melasma is not painful or dangerous to health, but it can be a significant cosmetic concern for those who suffer from it.

Dr. Karla Arias, a specialist in Dermatology at Clínica Bíblica, tells us in the following video about the causes of melasma and how to treat it.

The cause is related to hormonal factors, sun exposure and genetic predisposition. Some of the risk factors include pregnancy (pregnancy melasma or "chloasma"), the use of hormonal contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy and excessive exposure to the sun without protection.

Treatment focuses on lightening the dark spots and reducing their appearance. Here are some common strategies used:

Sun protection is critical to prevent worsening of melasma. Daily use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high sun protection factor (SPF) and proper sun protection, such as wearing hats and protective clothing, are essential.

Dermatology specialists may prescribe creams or lotions containing ingredients such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, glycolic acid or azelaic acid. These products help reduce melanin production in the skin and gradually lighten dark spots. For more severe or treatment-resistant cases, laser treatments may be used.

Chemical peels with glycolic acid, salicylic acid or lactic acid can help improve the appearance of melasma by exfoliating the top layer of skin and stimulating collagen production.

It is important to understand that melasma can be persistent and may require long-term treatment. Maintaining a skin care routine, including the consistent use of sunscreen, is critical to prevent spots from reappearing.

It is important to note that treatment of melasma can be a gradual process and results may vary from person to person. Consulting a dermatologist is critical to determine the best treatment strategy, as they can tailor treatment to individual needs and monitor the progression of melasma over time.